František was pleased with his son's gifts. He showed early talent and skill, playing in a village band and in church. In 1847, Dvořák entered primary school and learned to play violin from his teacher Joseph Spitz. Dvořák's years in Nelahozeves nurtured his strong Christian faith and love for his Bohemian heritage that so strongly influenced his music. Dvořák was baptized as a Roman Catholic in the church of St. Dvořák was the first of fourteen children, eight of whom survived infancy. Anna and František married on 17 November 1840. Anna was the daughter of Josef Zdeněk, the bailiff of the Prince of Lobkowicz.
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František worked as an innkeeper, a professional player of the zither, and a butcher. ĭvořák was born in Nelahozeves near Prague, the eldest son of František Dvořák (1814–94) and his wife, Anna, née Zdeňková (1820–82). He has been described as "arguably the most versatile. Among his smaller works, the seventh Humoresque and the song "Songs My Mother Taught Me" are also widely performed and recorded. By far the most successful of the operas is Rusalka.
But shortfalls in payment of his salary, along with increasing recognition in Europe and an onset of homesickness, led him to leave the United States in 1895 and return to Bohemia.ĭvořák's nine operas other than his first, Alfred, have librettos in Czech and were intended to convey Czech national spirit, as were some of his choral works. Also, he wrote his American String Quartet, his most appreciated piece of chamber music. His Cello Concerto is one of the most highly regarded of all cello concerti. The Symphony From the New World spread his reputation worldwide. While in the United States, Dvořák wrote his two most successful orchestral works.
In 1892, Dvořák moved to the United States and became the director of the National Conservatory of Music of America in New York City. In 1890–91, he wrote his Dumky Trio, one of his most successful chamber music pieces. In 1891 Dvořák was appointed as a professor at the Prague Conservatory. Visiting Russia in March 1890, he conducted concerts of his own music in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. His Seventh Symphony was written for London. In his career, Dvořák made nine invited visits to England, often conducting performances of his own works. It was very successfully performed in London in 1883, leading to many other performances in the United Kingdom and United States. These were highly praised by the Berlin music critic Louis Ehlert in 1878, the sheet music (of the original piano 4-hands version) had excellent sales, and Dvořák's international reputation at last was launched.ĭvořák's first piece of a religious nature, his setting of Stabat Mater, was premiered in Prague in 1880.
Brahms recommended Dvořák to his publisher, Simrock, who soon afterward commissioned what became the Slavonic Dances, Op. The prize was awarded to Dvořák for 1874 and again in 1876 and in 1877, when Brahms and the prominent critic Eduard Hanslick, also a member of the jury, made themselves known to him. Although Dvořák was not aware of it, Johannes Brahms was the leading member of the jury and was highly impressed. Then in 1874 he first made a submission for the Austrian State Prize for Composition, including scores of two further symphonies and other works. Seeking recognition beyond the Prague area, he first submitted a score of his First Symphony to a prize competition in Germany, but he did not win, and the manuscript, not returned, was lost until rediscovered many decades later.
The first public performances of his works were in Prague in 1872 and, with special success, in 1873, when he was aged 31. Dvořák's own style has been described as "the fullest recreation of a national idiom with that of the symphonic tradition, absorbing folk influences and finding effective ways of using them." ĭvořák displayed his musical gifts at an early age, being an apt violin student from age six. Following Smetana's nationalist example, Dvořák frequently employed aspects, specifically rhythms, of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia. After Bedřich Smetana, he was the second Czech composer to achieve worldwide recognition. Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( / d ə ˈ v ɔːr ʒ ɑː k, ˈ d v ɔːr-, - ʒ æ k/ d(ə)- VOR-zha(h)k Czech: 8 September 1841 – ) was a Czech composer.
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